Performance Analysis of One Dimension FDTD Code

Performance Analysis of One Dimension FDTD CodePerformance analysis of One dimension FDTD after parton using Parallel bear upon TechniqueP. GUNAPANDIAN, M.R.SUBASREE, B. MANIMEGALAIAbstractThe requirement of longer shapeing clock snip and larger memory makes FDTD rule impractical for many cases. Implementation of parallel of latitude touch on in FDTD method is proposed in this paper. The implementation depends mainly on computer architecture and programming libraries under distinguishable operating systems. In this paper a some(prenominal) performance tests of a one dimension FDTD jurisprudence is tested in diverse platforms. The results shows that Parallel touch shows a linear decrease in time and larger data handling which makes it as a right platform for complex structures.KeywordsFDTD, parallel processing, computer architecture, operating system, sequential processing.IntroductionComputational skill has advanced in the recent few decades. One of the most common me thods to solve maxwells equations on arbitrary configurations of materials and field sources is the Finite Differences on Time bailiwick (FDTD) 1. There exist a number of techniques for enhancing the performance of the conventional FDTD, in order to obtain accuracy the conformal FDTD method which simulates the curved perfect electrical theater director (PEC) 2,3. Sub-gridding technique is used to increase the mesh density in the local bea in which the field varies quickly 5,6. The Multi-Resolution Time-Domain (MRTD) and Pseudo-Spectrum Time-Domain (PSTD) techniques are used to reduce the scatter of the conventional yee grid 7,8. The above techniques mentioned are used to improve the conventional FDTD technique for the purpose of reducing either memory requirements or pretension time. The parallel-processing FDTD accelerates the FDTD simulation by distributing the job to multiple mainframes, so that the available memory for large problems is virtually unlimited. At the same tim e, the simulation time is dramatically reduced compared to a single-processor implementation. On the computational point of view the parallel processing have an important advantage which makes the parallel executions strategies easier.Parallel processing in computers is based on dividing a computer code into a number of segments and distribution of the task among a number of computers/processors, which are then executed in parallel. This may be achieved on hardware-level, software level, or both. Hardware-level parallelization necessitates alternative processor designs. Software-level parallelization kitty be either on data level or function level, depending on the characteristics of the code 9.In this paper one dimensional FDTD code is developed for parallel processing. The performance analysis of the code developed is compared with both series and parallel. The code is phoney in different platforms and the results are obtained. The results shows the efficiency of the parallel p rocessing in handling larger data and reduction of time compared to serial processing.FDTD METHODThe FDTD method is one of the well known approaches to solve Maxwells partial differential equations, because of its high versatility. FDTD algorithmic program is based on temporal and three-dimensional spacial discretization and it transforms the time-dependent Maxwells curl equations into a set of finite-difference relations 10, 11.Boundary conditions are needed on the edge of the simulation domain, among the several possible choices perfect matched social class (PML) term can be more(prenominal) accurate and the PML boundary is used in the developed code.One Dimension FDTDThe one dimension FDTD starts with the formulation of the Maxwells equations,Where E and H are electric and magnetic field obligingnessively. The one dimension equation for Ex and Hy are given, which denotes the Electric field with respect to x direction and magnetic field with respect to y direction. The update equations are given in (3) and (4).The FDTD update equations are used to develop the Matlab code and the code is excited with the Gaussian pulse and the results are obtained.PARALLEL FDTDAccording to the principle of FDTD algorithm, the electromagnetic field value at certain position can be decided by the value of last time step at this position and electromagnetic field value of this time step at nearby position. The electromagnetic field value has no direct relation to the values at position far from this point. So, the whole computational station can be divided into some sections that can be computed in some nodes of parallel computing system. The exchange of field values between nodes can be executed only at interface between sections. According to the basic concept, the computing between parallel nodes can be executed to simulate the serial computing in a single PC or workstation. This is the key point of our parallel FDTD algorithm. Fig.1 shows the methodology of serial and the parallel approach lick 1. consequent and parallel approachPARALLEL PROCESSING TECHNIQUEThe main idea of parallel processing starts with the modify the EM field components in each processor in the same instant. When the computation updates a field component on the border of the domain, some values belonging to the border of the adjacent domain are required to avoid communications during the computations each sub domain is surrounded by the border cells of the other domain. These border values are communicated after the updating phase. Thus the parallel processing is achieved.The first step of the FDTD modeling starts with the one dimensional method. A Gaussian pulse is generated in the centre of the problem space and the pulse propagates in the both the directions. The time step is taken to be 500 iteration steps and the total time required for the signal is 500fs. The time seconds are calculated by the time taken by the pulse to originate from the centre and to decay at the end.The Matlab code is developed for one dimensional FDTD for serial processing and the code is updated to parallel processing. The number of cells of the computation domain in vary by keeping the number of iterations constant and the time taken by the serial and the parallel processing is noted. The figure2 shows the comparison between the serial and parallel processing for different number of cells. From the figure 2 it is noted that the parallel processing code is able to process the large number of cells within the shorter period of time, thereby proving that the parallel processing can be used to process larger amount of data in shorter duration of time.Figure 2. Serial vs. parallel processingThe parallel processing code developed has been simulated in various newer version Intel processors which is used to analyze the performance. The number of iterations are kept constant and the cell size is varied and the code is simulated in different Intel processors include i3, i5, i7 a nd Pentium processors. The results shows that the updated newer version i7 was able to process the data more quickly, so that the parallel processing can be used more efficiently in higher versions system which is easily available now a days. Figure 3 shows the Comparision with different versions of the processors. From the results it is observed that the i7 processor was able to process the code more efficiently than the others. Pentium processor which is one of the oldest among took larger time to process the code.Figure 3. Parallel processing on different versions of Intel processorsThe parallel code is simulated with different number of Matlab workers. Figure 4 shows the relation between the parallel code and the number of Matlab workers. In this code the number of iterations is kept constant and the time taken by the code to run with different number of cells is noted. The graph shows that parallel code works more efficiently when the number of workers is increased to be four.F igure 4. Performance with different number of Matlab workersThe speed-ups increase with the problem size because of the better exploitation of CPU resources and parallel processing. Figure 5 shows the achieved speed-ups for with respect to the serial algorithm running on the CPU. Thus the parallel processing gives a better speed up for larger problems.Figure 5. Speed up comparison for serial and parallel processingFrom the figure 5 it is noted that the parallel processing gives a better speed up. With the previous results the number of iterations and the cell size is varied and the results are noted. For each cell size the iterations are changed and the values are noted. Figure 6 shows the speed up for different cell size at various iterations. From the figure it can be absorbed that larger the computation domain better the speed up thereby making the parallel processing very much suitable for larger computation domain.Figure 6. Iteration vs. SpeedupCONCLUSIONFrom the results it is observed that the disadvantage of the FDTD method can be sweep over by using Parallel processing FDTD method. The performance analysis of this paper thereby shows that the parallel processing can be easily achieved efficiently by using modern CPUs present today which can be used to do complex computations.REFERENCES1. Yee, K. S., Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwells equations in isotropic media, IEEE proceeding on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 14, No. 5, 302-307, May 1966.2. Time Domain Maxwell s Equations Solver Software and User s Guide, Norwood, MA, Artech House, 2004.3. W. Yu and R. 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